Previous research has shown that S100A16 contributes to AKI by facilitating the ubiquitylation and degradation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and casein kinase 1α (CK1α) through the activation of HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (HRD1). This evidence concerns the gene CSNK1A1 and acute kidney injury.