Furthermore, heightened levels of HMGB1 have been implicated in the development of cognitive deficits in preclinical studies utilizing animal models of ischemic brain injury (Muhammad et al., 2008), while HMGB1 inhibition resulted in improved memory and learning post-stroke in rodents (Mazarati et al., 2011). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is Cognitive impairment.