In the chronic phase following a cerebrovascular accident, HMGB1 exerts detrimental effects on synaptic plasticity by attenuating long-term potentiation through its influence on NMDA receptor function, dendritic spine morphology, and neural networks that subserve learning and memory processes (Costello et al., 2011; Paudel et al., 2018). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is Stroke.