INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: It is the most common form of diabetes and accounts for over 90% of all diabetes mellitus cases, a condition which is characterized by diminished insulin secretion by β-cells of the pancreas, inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, and insulin resistance (IR) [4,5]. When managing T2DM, post-prandial blood glucose (PPBG) is a crucial factor that requires aggressive control as it plays a significant role in determining glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.