BDNF and rheumatoid arthritis: The YG observed significant improvements in the levels of markers that influence the psycho-neuro-immune axis, i.e.,  brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), sirtuin, and B-endorphin (all p <0.001). The YG showed downregulation of IL-6, TNF-a, and upregulation of TGF-b (all p <0.05). Yoga practice is associated with a significant reduction in inflammatory cytokines, and the elevation of mind-body communicative markers, in patients with RA.