One interesting study reported that MSC-EV membranes contain CCR2, which was able to bind free CCL2, thereby lowering inflammatory signaling following I/R-induced AKI.165 This was supported by experiments showing that CCR2 overexpression could reduce free CCL2 levels, whereas CCR2 knockdown reduced therapeutic effects of MSC-EVs. Here, CCR2 is linked to acute kidney injury.