SURF1 and hydrops fetalis: SURF1, a mitochondrial protein predominantly present in alveolar type II epithelial cells, has been identified to influence redox balance, electron transport, and the assembly and functionality of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, among other processes37, while SURF1 does not have a direct impact on HF, its involvement in maintaining mitochondrial function, managing oxidative stress, regulating apoptosis, and facilitating mitochondrial autophagy contribute significantly to the development of HF.