Interestingly, We found that GDM caused the CD39+ activated Treg %CD4 Treg (β = -0.183, 95% CI: 0.739–0.939, P = 0.003, PFDR = 0.024), CD39+ activated Treg AC (β = -0.183, 95% CI: 0.738–0.939, P = 0.003, PFDR = 0.021), CD39+ resting Treg % CD4 Treg (β = -0.183, 95% CI: 0.741–0.935, P = 0.002, PFDR = 0.024), CD39+ resting Treg AC (β = -0.164, 95% CI: 0.755–0.955, P = 0.006, PFDR = 0.028), and CD39+ CD8BR %T cell (β = -0.176, 95% CI: 0.744–0.946, P = 0.004, PFDR = 0.025) levels to show a similar decrease (Figure 3; Supplementary Table S4). The gene discussed is ENTPD1; the disease is gestational diabetes.