In summary, this work provides the first demonstration that CV-A16 and CV-A10 can induce inflammatory responses via triggering NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in SH-SY5Y cells, suggesting that NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis might be an important contributing factor for inducing exacerbated inflammation during CV-A16 and CV-A10 infections. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is infection.