Meanwhile, it was also confirmed that Nigericin sodium salt resulted in enhanced inflammatory cytokines production (i.e., TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6) with CV-A10 infection, but MCC950 sodium resulted in attenuated inflammatory cytokines production (i.e., TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6) with CV-A10 infection (Fig. 7B and Table 3). Here, TNF is linked to infection.