Moreover, our immunohistochemical examination of the kidney sections of TAC showed a marked cytoplasmic reactivity of PAI-1 (a fibrinolysis inhibitor that inhibits the degradation of the extracellular matrix, and matrix metalloproteinases) in tubules with a statistically significant increase in the area % of immunostaining reactivity to 188%, in comparison to the control group (Fig. 7E). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and persistent truncus arteriosus.