IL15 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Previous studies focusing on other CNS diseases have found a similar association between IL-15 and cognitive deficits: for instance, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia a peripheral increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-15, was associated with increased expression of adhesion molecules by BBB endothelial cells, which leads to entry of neoplastic cells and activated lymphocytes into CNS, neuroinflammation, and eventually cognitive damage [36,37].