The results showed that the top 10 characterized genes with the highest screening accuracy in the moyamoya disease dataset (Fig. 1E) intersected with the characterized genes screened by the Lasso regression algorithm, and a total of 5 intersecting genes were screened (Fig. 1F), which were used as key genes in our subsequent study: DNAJA3, ESR1, H19, KRT18 and STK3. Here, KRT18 is linked to Moyamoya disease.