In addition, we found that multiple autophagy-related genes (ATGs), including ATG2B, ATG3, ATG4B, ATG5, ATG7, ATG9A, ATG13, ATG14, ATG16L1, ATG101, and Beclin1, had significantly lower expression in patients with AD (Fig. 2a–k), and ATG4D, ATG12, and ATG16L2 had significantly higher expression in patients with AD (Fig. 2l–n). Here, ATG5 is linked to Alzheimer disease.