INS and diabetes mellitus: Compared to participants without ESKD, participants with ESKD had a longer duration of diabetes, higher HbA1c, higher blood pressure, lower HDL cholesterol, higher triacylglycerol, and poorer renal function (lower eGFR and higher uACR) and were more likely to be a Malay ethnicity, on RAS antagonist and insulin (Supplemental Table S4).