In addition, genetic predisposition to CKD as exposure did not have causal impact on the absolute counts of CD28 + CD45RA + CD8dim T cell(OR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.79–1.05; p = 0.192, FDR = 0.385), relative count of CD28 + CD45RA + CD8 + T cell (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.94–1.17; p = 0.423, FDR = 0.564), CD28 on CD39 + CD8 + T cell(OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 0.97–1.35; p = 0.119, FDR = 0.385), or CD16 on CD14- CD16 + monocyte (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.82–1.12; p = 0.574, FDR = 0.574) in bi-directional MR analyses. Here, CD28 is linked to chronic kidney disease.