Our findings implicate subtypes such as the absolute and relative counts of CD28 + CD45RA + CD8dim T cells, CD28 expression on CD39 + CD8 + T cells, and CD16 expression on CD14–CD16 + monocytes, alongside proteins including IL-17A and LIF-R, as putative precursors to CKD. The gene discussed is ENTPD1; the disease is chronic kidney disease.