USP48 facilitates pyroptosis by binding with GSDME, stripping its K48-linked ubiquitin, and thereby augmenting the functions of T cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME), significantly boosting the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors [218] (Fig. 5B). This evidence concerns the gene GSDME and neoplasm.