CD8A and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Applying mark cross-correlation functions to all ROIs for four cohorts – control, AAb+, recent T1D (<1 year), and prolonged T1D (≥1 year) – revealed two distinct patterns of spatial relationships between islets and CD8+ T cells: AAb+ with recent T1D and control with prolonged T1D (Fig. 7e–i).