INS and diabetes mellitus: Despite low numbers, a substantial reduction in insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was observed post-intervention in the Not-cleared group, yet the results remained suboptimal (HOMA-IR = 2.8); concurrently there was a decrease in HOMA-β, contradicting Kahleova et al.’s 2019 [30] reports of improved beta-cell function and fasting insulin sensitivity in a 16-week dietary intervention for overweight individuals without diabetes history.