Interestingly, the peak extracellular concentration of ACh during hypoxia measured in our reductionist assay of isolated cardiomyocytes, in the presence of the AChE inhibitor physostigmine, is comparable to that measured in the interstitium microdialysate of the area at risk during myocardial ischemia in cats or rabbits (19, 62–64). This evidence concerns the gene ACHE and myocardial ischemia.