TNF and ischemia: Following ischemia/reperfusion injury, microglial-mediated neuronal death was controlled by miR-181c in a rat global cerebral ischemia model.32 MiRNA-181c directly targeted the area where TNF-α mRNA does not undergo 3’ translation, inhibiting apoptosis triggered by TNF-α generated in active microglial cells.32 This research illuminated the critical role of miRNAs as conductors of neurological dysfunction in the brain starved of oxygen.