Adiponectin, an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, opposes the actions of leptin by increasing insulin sensitivity and exerting anti-inflammatory actions.54 Particularly, a decrease in the adiponectin/leptin ratio is correlated with insulin resistance and adipose tissue dysfunction.55 During the development of metabolic diseases, plasma adiponectin concentration decreases,56 while leptin concentration increases due to the development of leptin resistance. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.