Subsequently, several studies have highlighted that treatment with adenoviral vectors expressing ILK effectively preserved cardiac function and left ventricular geometry, accompanied by enhanced angiogenesis, increased cardiomyocyte proliferation, and reduced apoptosis and fibrosis in MI rats and swines induced by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), thus advancing the development of cardiac regenerative therapies (40, 41). Here, ILK is linked to myocardial infarction.