Moreover, intake of low dose sucrose (7.5 mg/ml) is found to activate PPARγ via restoring microbial dysfunction and upregulating SCFAs levels, thereby suppressing MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, while high dose sucrose (30 mg/ml) exacerbates DSS-induced colitis (204). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is colitis.