James et al. (2014) have also shown a significant increase in 5hmC levels in the cerebellum of individuals with autism, accompanied by elevated expression of de novo methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B, ten-eleven translocase genes TET1 and TET3, and increased content of 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), an indicator of oxidative DNA damage. Here, DNMT3A is linked to autism.