LCN2 and acute kidney injury: In this study, we took advantage of a large cohort of 1170 patients subjected to cardiac bypass (CBP) surgery to estimate and compare the incidence and risk factors of AKI in males and females as well as the performance of candidate AKI risk urinary biomarkers [neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), [IGFBP7]·[TIMP-2] product (NephroCheck) and a unique 204 urinary peptides signature (AKI204)] [8] in this prototypic high-risk situation of AKI.