Performances of the candidate urinary biomarkers at <4 h post-surgery, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), [IGFBP7]·[TIMP-2] product (NephroCheck) and a recently developed AKI signature of 204 urinary peptides (AKI204) to predict AKI were compared in both sexes. The gene discussed is TIMP2; the disease is acute kidney injury.