AKT1 and colonic neoplasm: SCFAs, could promote cell apoptosis by inhibiting PI3K-Akt signaling in colon cancer cells, and kynurenic acid decreased the phosphorylation of Akt with suppressing PI3K-Akt–mTOR pathway to prevent the growth of colon cancer cells (Walczak et al., 2014; Ma et al., 2019).