In particular, T cells and their cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-23, IL-12, and IL-6, are known to play a central role in psoriasis pathogenesis, leading to the activation of cascades of inflammatory responses that promote keratinocyte proliferation and neutrophil recruitment (Jadali and Eslami, 2014; Gran et al., 2020). Here, TNF is linked to psoriasis.