THBS4 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: When exogenous compounds enter cells, abnormal Ca2+ metabolism in the ER leads to ERS and thus apoptosis, which has been reported to be a feature of DCM and other heart diseases (Gao et al., 2022; Martinez-Amaro et al., 2023).The protein encoded by the THBS4 gene belongs to the platelet-responsive protein family.