TGFB1 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: In DCM, viral replication leads to myocyte necrosis, and the MX1 activates the host’s innate immune system by presenting viral antigens (Kawada et al., 2021), leading to the proliferation and activation of a large number of immune cells, which produce chemokines and cytokines, such as TGF-β family member, which are involved in the recognition and killing of infected cells.