NFKB1 and colitis: Moreover, another study also proposed that ginsenosides Rd was able to effectively alleviate DSS colitis in mice through inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines expression (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12/23p40, and IL-17A) and inhibiting NF-κB and P38MAPK signaling pathways (60).