TLR4 and colitis: In a (DSS)-induced rat colitis model, they found that ginseng polysaccharides could effectively alleviate symptoms of colitis and recover the intestinal barrier through downregulating colon inflammatory cytokine levels such as IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-17, and blocking the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB-signaling pathway (58).