INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Interestingly, a clinical case study suggests autologous Ad-MSCs translated to insulin-secreting islet-like cell aggregates (ICAs) as an effective alternative strategy for the treatment of juvenile diabetes where a 21-year-old female with type 1 diabetes had received treatment with ICAs derived from autologous Ad-MSCs and the patient’s insulin requirement was significantly reduced with no side effects were observed [57].