(3) NSP4 can also activate the release of extracellular adenosine 5 ́-bisphosphate (ADP) of P2Y1 purinergic receptors on neighboring cells, which produces paracrine signals that may be manifested as intercellular Ca2+ waves, further amplifying electrolyte disorder of host cells and changing gastrointestinal physiology [49]. This evidence concerns the gene P2RY1 and Abnormal blood ion concentration.