GTSE1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: In addition, GTSE1 is demonstrated to be involved in apoptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma [20], gastric cancer cells [24] and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [27], and it was also involved in Warburg effect in cervical cancer [28].Furthermore, GTSE1 has been identified to be upregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) [13], and GTSE1 can act as one of nine genes contributing to build the model for the prognostic risk prediction of HNSC [29], which indicated that GTSE1 might be involved in the progression of NPC.