For instance, despite previously showing destruction of cancer-supporting blood vessels by TNF-α in cancer patients [12], intracellular TNFR1 signaling in endothelial cells activates two opposing pathways, one with pro-apoptotic effects [12], and another NF–κB-mediated pro-survival pathway [5, 13]. The gene discussed is TNFRSF1A; the disease is cancer.