TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis: Among these studies, it has been described that exposure to PM2.5 induces the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in THP-1 cells, as well as the production of IL-1β and TGF-β1 in the BALF of mice and the significant deposition of collagen in the lower airways, suggesting inflammatory potential in pulmonary fibrosis [19].