CD4 and syphilis: In the multivariable analysis, baseline HPV 16 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 4.33, 95% CI 1.03–18.18), HPV 18/45 (aHR 6.82, 95% CI 1.57–29.51), high‐risk HPV other than HPV 16/18/45 (aHR 4.23, 95% CI 1.27–14.14), newly diagnosed syphilis (aHR 4.67, 95% CI 1.10–19.90) and a baseline CD4 count of <350 cells/mm3 (aHR 3.09, 95% CI 1.28–7.48) were associated with incident anal HSIL, after adjusting for lifetime number of partners and smoking status (Table 4).