In males, no significant difference was found in relative protein amount for PDE5A, PDE1C, PDE4B, and PDE3A between AGA and IUGR newborns (Fig. 5A and C–E), whereas a significant although slight decrease in PDE1B protein content was observed in IUGR males (Fig. 5B). The gene discussed is PDE3A; the disease is fetal growth restriction.