PINK1 and Alzheimer disease: In CSF, the levels of PINK1 differed significantly among patient subgroups (F [2] = 19.92, p = <0.001, η2 = 0.14): More specifically, PINK1 was significantly higher in AD dementia individuals (1.3 ± 0.2 ng/mL) than in MCI-AD (1.1 ± 0.2 ng/mL) (p < .001) and CU (1.0 ± 0.3 ng/mL) (p < .001) (Figure 1A).