TNF and vitiligo: Furthermore, vitiligo is defined by the presence of an altered immunological balance, which is predominantly seen in an imbalance between the cytokines expressed by Treg/Th2 lymphocyte subsets (IL-4) and Th1/Th17 lymphocyte subsets (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-8) (28, 29).