INS and diabetes mellitus: Among non-elderly group, male gender (84.4% vs. 60.2%, p=0.007), body weight (75.3 ± 12.5 kg vs. 70.1 ± 13.4 kg, p< 0.05), HbA1C (8.6 ± 2.0% vs. 7.4 ± 1.3%, p=0.002), duration of diabetes (16.8 ± 7.7 years vs. 13.7 ± 6.1 years, p=0.009), number of insulin used (0.8 vs. 0.6, p=0.008) and serum creatinine (1.1 ± 0.4 mg/dL vs. 0.9 ± 0.3 mg/dL, p= 0.02) were significantly higher at baseline in patients with incident DPN than in those without incident DPN.