TNF and Arthritis: For the anti-inflammatory activities, it was found that linarin competitively bond to MD2, inhibited the formation of TLR4/MD-2 dimer, downregulated the increase of TRAF-6, IRAK-1 and MyD88, reduced the nuclear transfer of NF-κB (P65), TNF-α, IL-6, NO, PGE2, and decreased the synthesis of COX-2 and iNOS, suggesting that linarin might reduce the inflammation of chondrocytes by occupying the binding site of MD2 to improve the progression of arthritis in mice (Qi, 2021).