Previous studies have shown that tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can interact with tumor cells and activate multiple signaling pathways, such as IL-6-JAK-STAT3, PI3K/AKT, ERK1/2 and VEGFA -165/Flt-1, thereby promoting the formation of functional VM channels (Luo et al., 2020; Barnett et al., 2016; Q et al., 2022; Tan et al., 2022; Pan et al., 2020; Ding et al., 2018; Kim et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2021; Wu et al., 2023). The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is neoplasm.