Furthermore, other CAF subtypes, including CD146+ CAFs (Brechbuhl et al., 2017), α-SMA+ CAFs (McAndrews et al., 2022), asporin+ CAFs (Maris et al., 2015), and versican+ CAFs (Fanhchaksai et al., 2016), also play tumor-suppressive roles. Here, ACTA1 is linked to neoplasm.