The reduction of CAF-derived exosomal miR-100-5p in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) may promote the growth, migration, and invasion of tumor-related lymphatic endothelial cells by increasing the expression of IGF1R/PI3K/AKT, ultimately leading to the development of lymphatic vessels (Chen et al., 2023) (Figure 2). This evidence concerns the gene IGF1R and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.