TICAM1 and viral infectious disease: Subsequently, TLR4 internalizes into the endosomal membrane, predominantly relying on TRIF to initiate the IFN response and transmit signals to antigen-presenting cells, playing a crucial role in defending against viral infections and initiating the subsequently acquired immunity (Satoh and Akira, 2016; Ciaston et al., 2022; Duan et al., 2022).