IL1R1 and acute kidney injury: IL-1R1 has been significantly implicated in AKI as mice with global deletion of IL-1R1 are protected from ischemic and toxic AKI, renal fibrosis following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and cyst formation (Haq et al., 1998; Jones et al., 2009; Privratsky et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2019).