OXT and chronic kidney disease: In addition to the determination of hormones such as cortisol, oxytocin, or vasopressin,42, –44 the diagnosis of allergies can be carried out as well.45 Furthermore, proteome analysis of saliva can be indicative of metabolic dysfunction in dogs,46 and a pilot study has already measured elevated urea and creatinine levels in dogs with chronic kidney disease.47 Another well-known field of application in human medicine is gene analysis.48 The possibilities of saliva diagnostics thus appear manifold and should be further explored in veterinary medicine.