According to the analysis of the three groups before and after HCC surgery, the expression levels of IL-4, VEGF-A and IL-8 tended to increase, and the expression levels of IL-10 and GRO-α tended to decrease, suggesting that these 5 cytokines/chemokines may be closely related to HCC progression or prognosis. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.