IFNG and Hepatic fibrosis: In a mouse model of liver fibrosis induced by CCL4 and alcohol for 8 weeks, it was found that 3D-Exos significantly reduced lipid accumulation, decreased collagen I and α-SMA levels, inhibited the synthesis of pro-fibrotic markers in fibrotic livers, dramatically attenuated the expression of inflammatory markers such as IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1) expression with enhanced anti-inflammatory effects.