INS and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Among the 126 genes implicated in NAFLD (ko04932), 23 genes demonstrated significant RPS modifications between the compared groups, including the key genes BID, IGF1R, and INS. These findings indicate potential regulatory functions for the genes involved in immunity, HCC, and NAFLD, underscoring their putative roles in the intricate processes governing these biological phenomena.