Immunoproteasomes (iPS) found in immune tissues (constitutively expressed in hematopoietic cells or induced in response to IFN gamma or TNF alpha) have structural similitudes to proteasomes but have three different inducible catalytic subunits (PSMB8, -B9, and -B10), triggered by IFN-ƴ in viral infections, or by other pathogens, proteins, or particles [44–46]. Here, IFNA1 is linked to viral infectious disease.