TNF and pneumonia: Additionally, signs of pneumonia were significantly mitigated in α-mCD47-treated mice compared to IgG2a-treated mice, as evidenced by a decrease in histological lung injury score (Fig. 5c), a reduction in total cell number in BALF (Fig. 5d), a decrease in bacterial adherence and invasion in the lung (Fig. 5e, f, respectively) and bacterial burden in the spleen (Fig. 5g), a decline in total protein levels (Fig. 5h), and a decrease in TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF (Fig. 5i, j).