Twenty-three metabolites, including CE(20:0), TAG54:5-FA18:2, and TAG50:3-FA16:1, were upregulated (all VIP > 1, FC > 1, and p < 0.05); 7 metabolites, including PC(18:0/20:4), PC(16:0/22:6), and CE(18:2), were down-regulated (all VIP > 1, FC < 1, and p < 0.05), defined on the basis of VIP score of lung cancer (Fig. 3 panels F and G). This evidence concerns the gene VIP and lung carcinoma.